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(Hebrews peninim), only in plural (Lamentations 4:7). The ruby was one of the stones in the high priest’s breastplate (Exodus 28:17). A comparison is made between the value of wisdom and rubies (Job 28:18; Proverbs 3:15; 8:11). The price of a virtuous woman is said to be “far above rubies” (Proverbs 31:10). The exact meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain. Some render it “red coral;” others, “pearl” or “mother-of-pearl.”

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