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restless; sprouting, were smitten “in Ham” by Chedorlaomer and his allies (Genesis 14:5). Some have identified this tribe with the Zamzummims (q.v.). <> <> <> <> <> <> <> APPENDIX I. — CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES 1 . The Old Testament to the Death of Solomon, (According to Usher. See "Chronology.") B.C. 4004. . The creation. 3874. . Birth of Seth. 3882. . Birth of Enoch, the seventh from Adam. 33 17. . Birth of Methuselah. 3 130.. Birth of Lantech. 3074. . Death of Adam, aged 930 years 3017. . Translation of Enoch in the three hundre' and sixty-fifth year of his age. 2948.. Birth of Noah. 2348. . The deluge. 2233. . Dispersion of mankind; confusion of tongues at Babel. 2126. . Birth of Terah, Abram's father. 1998. . Death of Noah, aged 950 years, 350 years after the flood. 1996. . Birth of Abram. He was 75 years old whe his father Terah died. 1922. . Terah, with his family, leaves Ur of the Chaldees, and dwells in Haran. 1921. . Abram enters the land of Canaan. 1913. . Abram rescues Lot, who had been taken prisoner by Chedorlaomer (Genesis 14:4-20). 19 10. . Birth of Ishmael, 1897. . Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. 1896 Issac born Abraham being 100 years old. 1859. . 5.rah died at Hebron, in the one hundred and twenty-seventh year of her age. 1821. . Abraham died, aged 175 years, 100 years after his entrance into the land of Cana; 1773. . 1.hmael died, aged 137 years. 1760. . Jacob fled into Mesopotamia to escape hi brother's rage. 1739. . Jacob returns to Canaan from Mesopotam: 1729. . Joseph is sold to the Midianites. 1716. . 1.aac died, aged 180 years. 1715. . Joseph made governor over the whole of Egypt. 1708. . The seven years of famine begin. 1706. . Jacob, with his family, goes down into Egypt. B.C. year of jubilee is to be reckoned. 1444. . The Tabernacle set up in Shiloh, wht remained 328 years. 1427. . Joshua dies, aged 1 10 years, then fol period of anarchy and confusion. Th people sink into idolatry, and are b 1400.. 0.hniel, the first of the judges, deliv Israel. Israel continued to be goveri judges for about 450 years, to the til Samuel. 1091.. 5.ul anointed king by Samuel. 1085. . David, the son of Jesse, born. 1065. . David anointed king (1 Samuel 16:1 1055. . Death of Saul at Gilboa. 1055.. David goes to Hebron, and is there anointed king by the men of Judah, and there he reigns 7 1/2 years. 1048. . The captains and elders of all the tril coming to hebron anoint David as 1 over all Israel. Jerusalem now becon seat of his kingdom. Here he reignei years. 1023. . Rebellion of Absalom. 1015. . 5010.on anointed king by the comm his father David. 1012. . 5010.on begins to build the temple, was finished in 7 1/2 years. 1004. . The temple dedicated at the Feast of Tabernacles. 976.. Death of Solomon, after reigning 4( years. The kingdom is now divid 1689. . Death of Jacob. 1635. . Joseph dies, aged 110 years 1571. .Birth of Moses. 1531 ..Moses flees into the land of Midian. 1491. . Moses returns to Egypt at the command of God. 1451. . Exodus. 1451. . Death of Miriam, Moses' sister. 1444. . The first Sabbatical year. From hence the 2 . The Kingdoms of Judah and Israel to the Close of the Old Testament. Relations of the Two Kingdom s to each other. Kingdom of Judah. B.C Kingdom of Israel. Contemporan ous Persons ai Events in Heathen Countries. I. Mutual hostility from B.C. 976 to B.C. 918. Rehoboam. Son of Solomon and Naamah. Reigned 17 years. 976 Jeroboam. Son of Nebat. Reigned 22 years. Prophet: Ahijah. Land invaded and Jerusalem plundered by Shishak, and Rehoboam made tributary (1 Kings 14:25, 25). Prophets: Shemaiah and Iddo. 973 Shishak, king ( Egypt. Abijah or Abijam. Son of Rehoboam and Maachah. Reigned 3 years (1 Kings 15:1, 2). 959 Asa (1 Kings 15:9). Son of Abijah. Cushite invasion. War with Zerah the Ethiopian (2 Chronicles 14:9). Alliance with Ben- hadad I. (1 Kings 15:18). Reigned 41 years Prophets: Oded, Azariah, Hanani, and Jehu. 956 955 Nadab (1 Kings 15:25). Son of Jeroboam. Murdered by Baasha, after a brief reign. Osorkon II. (= probably Zerah), king of Egypt, the invader of Judt (2 Chronicles 14:9). 953 Baasha (1 Kings 15:28). Son of Ahijah of Issachar, He exterminated the entire house of Jeroboam (1 Kings 11:29-39; 15:29). Reigned 24 years. Prophet: Jehu Ben-hadad I., king of Syria. 944 The poet Hesit in Greece 931 II. Alliance between the kingdoms, and common hostility to Syria, from B.C. 918 to B.C. 883. Elah (1 King 16:8). Son of Baasha. Was assassinated, after reigning 2 years, by Zimri, one of his captains, who destroyed all the house of Baasha" (1 Kings 16:1 1). 929 Zimri. Reigned only 7 days (1 Kings 16:10). 925 Omri. Reigned alone 6 years (1 Kings 16:23). 924 Samaria made the capital (1 Kings 16:24). Invaded by the Syrians (1 Kings 20:34). 918 Ahab (1 Kings Ethbaal, king c 16:29,31). Son of Tyre and Sidor Omri. He changed Ben-hadad II., the state religion, king of and so "made a Damascus, prodigious step downwards" by introducing the impure and debasing worship of the Phoenician gods. Reigned 22 years. Prophets : Elijah and Micaiah. Johoshaphat (1 Kings 915 22:41). Son of Asa and Azubah. Joined "affinity with Ahab" (2 Chronicles 18:1) associated with him his son Jehoram, when 16 years of age, the two reigning conjointly for 8 years. Prophets: Eliezer and Jahaziel. 900 Homer flourished. 900 Battle at Ramoth- gilead, in which Ahab was slain (1 Kings 22:37). Ahaziah (1 Kings Lycurgus in 22:51,52). Sparta. Son of Ahab. 898 Jehoram (2 Kings 8:16; 2 Chronicles 21:11-13). Son of Jehoshaphat. His reign was one of the darkest and most unfortunate in Judean history (2 Chronicles 21:12-20). reigned as sole ruler 8 years. Ahaziah . Youngest son of Jehoram and Athalia (2 Kings 8:25; 2 Chronicles 22:1-3). Was put to death by Jehu (2 Kings 9:24; comp. 2 Chronicles 22:9), after reigning 1 year. Athaliah (2 Kings 11:3). Daughter of Ahab and Jezebel. Usurped the throne, and reigned 6 years. The last survivor of the house of Omri. Was put to death by Jehoiada. Joash or Jehoash (2 Kings 11:4; 12:1). Son of Ahaziah and Zibia. Was slain on his sick-bed in the castle of Milo, reigned 40 years. Prophet : Joel Reigned 2 years. Prophet : Elisha. Jehoram or Joram. Son of Ahab (2 Kinds 3:2). The last king of the house of Omri. War against Mesha (2 Kings 3:4- 27). Was put to death by Jehu (2 Kings 9:1-23; comp. 1 Kings 21:21), after reigning 12 years. Jehu (2 Kings 10:36). Son of Nimshi. With him began the most powerful and the longest lived of all the Israelite dynasties. Reigned 28 years. Prophet : Jonah. Hazael of Syria Pygmalion, kii of Tyre. Carthage founded by Dido, the Phoenician queen, 143 yea after the building of the temple. 855 Jehoahaz (2 Kings 13:1). Eldest son of Jehu, ravages of the Syrians. Reigned 17 years. Syrians invade Judah. 840 839 Joash or Joash (2 Kings 13:10) Defeats the Syrians thrice. Conquers Judah. Reigned 16 years. Amaziah (2 Kings 14: 1 ). 838 Death of Elisha (2 Ben-hadad III., Son of Joash and Jehoaddan. Kings 13:14). king of Syria. Conquers Edom. Defeat at Beth-shemesh (2 Kings 14:13). Reigned 29 years. 823 Jeroboam II. (2 Kings 14:23). Son of Joash. The greatest of all the kings of Samaria. Reigned 41 years. 820 Empire of the Medes foundec by Arbaces. 814 Kingdom of Macedon founded by Caranus, Uzziahor Azariah (2 Kings 809 15:1.2). Son of Amaziah and Jecholiah. Reigned 52 years. Prophet : Amos. 784 Interregnum. A period of anarchy of 1 1 years and some months. Prophet : Hosea. 776 The Grecian er; Computation b Olympiads, periods of 4 years, begins. 771 Zachariah (2 Kings 15:8). Son of Jeroboam II. Slain by Shallum, Reigned 6 months. 770 Shallum (2 Kings 15:13). Reigned 1 month. Pul, king of Assyria. Jotham (2 Kings 15:32, 33). Son of Uzziah and Jerusha. Reigned 16 years. Prophets'. Micah and Isaiah. Menahem (2 Kings 15:17). Israel invaded by Pul. Menahem becomes a vassal of Assyria (2 Kings 15:19). Pekahiah. Son of Menahem (2 Kings 15:23-26). Reigned 2 years. Pekah (2 Kings 15:27,28). Forms an alliance with Rezin. War with Judah. The kingdom attacked by Tiglath-pileser. Reigned 20 years. Ahaz (2 Kings 16:1). Son of Jatham. The party in Jerusalem in favor of an alliance with Assyria predominates (2 Kings 16:7). Reigned 16 years. Prophets'. Isaiah and Oded. 740 Interregnum of 9 years. 735 Ahaz (2 Kings 16:1). Son of Jotham. The party in Jerusalem in favor of an alliance with Assyria predominates (2 Kings 16:7). reigned 16 years. Prophets'. Isaiah and Oded. Interregnum of 9 years. Hosea (2 Kings s 1 7: 1 ). Son of Elah. Enters into an alliance with So, king of Egypt. Foundation of Rome Nabonassar, king of Babylo Rezin. king of Syria. Tiglath-pileser king of Assyri: Syracuse founded. Nabonassar, king of Babylo Rezin. king of Syrain. Tiglath-pileser king of Assyri: Syracuse founded. Manasseh (2 Kings 21:1) Son of Hezekiah. Great national apostasy. Carried captive to Babylon (2 Chronicles 33:11). His repentance and restoration. Reigned 55 years. Prophets'. Micah, Isaiah, and probably Nahum. Shalmaneser I\ succeeds Tiglath-pileser and besieges Samaria, makin Hoshea tributary. Kingdom of Judah Sargon seizes the throne of Assyria, and takes Samaria, the siege of which was begun by Shalmaneser. Merodach Baladan conquers Babylon. Contemporaneous Persons and Even in Heathen Countries Sargon murdered, and succeeded by hi son Sennacherib. Amon (2 Kings 21:19). Was murdered after a reign of 2 years. Prophet'. Nahum. Joshiah (2 Kings 22:11). National revival of religion. Finding of the book of the law Slain at Megiddo. Reigned 31 years. Prophets'. Jeremiah, Zephaniah, Habakkuk, and Huldah. Sennacherib murdered and succeeded t his son Esarhaddon (2 Kings 19:37). Assur-bani-pal, king of Egypt, was succeeded by his son Necho II. Psammetichus I., king of Egypt, was succeeded by his son Necho II. Fall of Nineveh. Nabopolassar. father c Nebuchadnezzar, independent in Babylon. Jehoahaz or Shallum (2 Chronicles 612 Necho II., king of Egypt. 3:15). - Necho II. on his way to assail the Josiah's third son. "Did evil in the sight 596 Babylonians at Carchemish, encounter of the Lord." Reigned 3 months, when he 609 and defeated the army of Josiah near was deposed by Necho, who took him to Megiddo (q.v.). Josiah was fatally Egypt (2 Kings 23:33). wounded (2 Chronicles 35:24), and Palestine became tributary to Egypt. Jehoiakim orEliakim. 609 Josiah's second son. Made king by Necho (2 Kings 23:36). Judah becomes tributary to Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kings 24:1). Commencement of the 70 year's captivity. 606 Nebuchadnezzar overcame the powerft army of the Egyptians, under Necho II at Carchemish (Jeremiah 46:8-21), on tl Middle Euphrates. Syria and Palestim now became tributary to Babylon (2 Kings 24:1). Daniel and other noble at royal youths are taken captive to Babylon. Jehoiakim, despite the warnings of 602 Jeremiah, rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar who marched at the head of a large army into Syria and besieged Jerusalem. Jehoiakim was put to death, and Jehoiachin was placed on the throne by Nebuchadnezzar. Jehoiachin (Jeconiah or Coniah). 599 Being suspicious of Jehoiachin's loyalty, Nebuchadnezzar led an army against Jerusalem and plundered it, carrying away many captives (2 Kings 24:10-16), among whom were the king and all his household. He placed Mattaniah on the vacant throne, giving him the name of Zedekiah. Second conquest of Jerusalem. Reigned 3 months. Mattaniah (Zedekiah). 599 He rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar, his suzerain, and formed an alliance with Hopra, king of Egypt (2 Kings 24:20; Jeremiah 44:30; Ezekiel 17:15). Nebuchadnezzar came "with all his host" against Jerusalem (2 Kings 25:1). Egypt proved again for the Jews a "bruised reed" (2 Kings 18:21), and failed to help them. Jerusalem was besieged for a year and a half, and was visited with dire distress, famine, and pestilence. The defenses of the city gave way, and the Babylonian army entered it. The doomed city drank the cup of God's fury to the dregs. The king and all his followers were taken captive, and brought to Riblah. There his son was put to death in his presence, and his own eyes were than put out, and he became a captive in Babylon to the day of his death. (Jeremiah 52:11). The second captivity. Reigned 11 years. Prophet : Ezekiel. 596 Psammetichus II., king of Egypt. 591 594 Solon at Athens 591 Hophra, king of Egypt. 572 Gedaliah. 588 Appointed governor by Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kings 25:22). Was killed by Ishmael. Jerusalem destroyed. Many of the people carried captive to Babylon. The third captivity. The rest fled to Egypt (2 Kings 25:26). Judah lies desolate (2 Chronicles 36:21; Zechariah 7:14). Palestine. Rome 562 Nebuchadnezzar dies, after a reign of 4; years, and is succeeded by his son Evil merodach. 558 Media and Persia united into one kingdom under Cyrus. 559 Neriglissar (probably = Nergal - Sharezer), Nebuchadnezzar's son-in-la\ succeeds Evil-merodach. 555 Nabonidus, the last king of Babylon. Belshazzar, his son, latterly associated with him as king. Belshazzar commandt at Babylon while his father Nabonidus took the field against Cyrus. 538 During the siege of Babylon by Cyrus, Belshazzar made a great feast, and that night the city was taken, and Belshazzi was slain, the empire passing to the Palestine becomes a province of the Persian empire. Return of th e, first caravan "of the children of the province" — i.e., of Judea — under Zerubbabel, whom Cyrus made tirshatha or governor of Judea. Only about 50,000 Jews returned on this occasion. Rebuilding of the temple begun. Daniel sees the vision recorded in ch. 10- 12. The Samaritans oppose the building of the temple. The temple completed and dedicated in the sixth year of Darius. The Jews are under persian governors. Many abuses appear among them. Ezra obtains a commission from Artaxerxes (Longimanus) and leads a second company of exiles back to Jerusalem (Ezra 7:8). Nehemiah, cupbearer of Artaxerxes, appointed governor of Jerusalem Is opposed by Sanballat and Tobiah. Nehemiah returns to persia. Nehemiah revisits Jerusalem, and reforms many abuses. Death of Nehemiah Ezra and the Great Synagogue, including the prophets Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, probably gathered together the several books which form the Old Medes and Persians. Then Darius the Mede "took the kingdom," Cyrus makir him governor of the Medo-Persian empire, with the title of King. Daniel cast into the den of lions. Cyrus's first year, on the death of Dariu Issues his edict in favor of the Jewish captives (Ezra 1:1-4; 6:3-5; comp Isaia 44:28). Tarquinius Superbus at Rome. Ahasuerus (Cambyses, Cyrus's son) succeeds Cyrus as king of Persia (Ezra 4:6). Battle of Marathon. Xerxes I. (Ahasuerus of Esther). In the third year of his reign, he holds a great assembly previous to his invasio of Greece, and divorces Queen Vashti. Probably not till after his return from tt disastrous invasion did he marry Hadassa (Esther). Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis. Battle of Platea. Sea-fight of Mycale. Esther made queen. Xerxes slain by two of his courtiers, succeeded by his son Artaxerxes (Longimanus). Peloponnesian War begins. Socrates, Xenophon, and Thucydides a Athens. 3. Chronology According to the Assyrian Inscriptions. The following dates, as given by Sayce from the Assyrian Inscriptions, may be compared with those in Ussher's Chronology: — B.C. 858-823. .Shalman-eser II., king of Assyria, succeeded his father assur-natsir- pal. His long reign was one continuous history of campaigns against his neighbors, his chief object of attack being the growing power of Damascus. 853.. Ahab, son of Omri, as ally of Damascus against Shalmaneser (1 Kings 20:34). In the time of Ahab the Assyrians first became acquainted with the kingdom of Israel. Samaria was ever afterwards called by them Beth-Omri." 851.. Death of Ahab 850. . 5.almaneser's second campaign against Hadadezer. 843.. Hadadezer murdered by Hazael, king of Syria (2 Kings 13:22). 841.. Jehu pays tribute to Assyria. 840. . 5.almaneser's campaign against Hazael proved disastrous to the Syrians. 840. . 5.almaneser's campaign against Hazael proved disastrous to the Syrians. 843. . 5.almaneser's campaign against "Hazael of the country of Damascus," and captured four of his cities, after which he made no further incursions into the west. 823.. 5.mas-Rimmon II. on the Assyrian throne. 810-781. .rimmon-nirarl, grandson of Shalmaneser, ascended the throne. 804. . Damascus taken by the Assyrians and reduced to a condition of vassalage. 781. . 5.almaneser III. ascends the throne of Assyria. 773. . Assyrian campaign against Damascus. 771.. Assur-dab III, becomes king of Assyria 756.. Jotham made regent with his father Uzziah. 753.. Assur-nirari king of Assyria B.C. 745.. The first Assyrian empire came to an end "partly through the attacks of its Armenian neighbors. The last representative (Assurnirari) of the old dynasty died or was slain in the same year. Pulu (Pul), a military captain of obscure origin, seized the vacant throne." He founded the second Assyrian empire, taking the name of Tiglath-pileser (III.), after the name of one of the most famous monarchs of the older dynasty some four centuries before. 743-40.. Tiglath-pileser II. wars against Hamath, Submission of Uzziah. 742. . Uzziah sends help to Hamath. 741. . Death of Jotham and accession of Ahaz. 738.. Azariah (= Uzziah) defeated by Tiglath-pileser, who exacts tribute from Menahem of Samaria and Rezin of Damascus. 734. . Damascus besieged by the Assyrians. The tribes beyond Jordan are carried away captive. Jehoahaz of Judah becomes a vassal of Tiglath- pileser. 732. . Damascus taken and Rezin slain. 729.. Pekah put to death. Hoshea ascends the throne. 728.. Ulula of Tinu, a usurper, takes the name of Shalman-eser (IV.) (2 Kings 17:3). and ascends the Assyrian throne. 723. . 5.maria besieged by Shalmaneser V. The siege lasted three years. 722. . 0. the death of Shalmaneser one of his captains, a soldier of fortune, seized the vacant throne, and took the name of S argon. 721.. Merodach-baladan of Chaldea conquers Babylon. B.C. B.C. 712-11. .Embassy sent by Merodach- baladan to Hezekiah with the view of exciting trouble in the west, so as to divide the forces of Sargon, who was now threatening an invasion of Babylonia. The illness of Hezekiah was only the pretext for this embassy. 71 1.. Capture of Jerusalem and Ashdod by Sargon. 705. . 5ennacherib, Sargon's son. king of Assyria. 701. . 5ennacherib's disastrous campaign against Judah. 697. . Death of Hezekiah. and accession of his son Manasseh. The name of "Manasseh king of Judah" twice occurs on the Assyrian monuments. 691. . Babylon razed to the ground by Sennacherib. 681. . 5ennacherib murdered, and was succeeded by his son Esarhaddon, who rebuilt Babylon, and sought to win over the Babylonians by residing in it during half the year. 676. . Manasseh appears among the Assyrian tributaries. 668. . Esarhaddon dies, and is succeeded by his son Assur-bani-pal (Sardanapalos). 665.. Destruction of Thebes (= "No Amon" = Ni of the inscriptions) by the Assyrians. This city was "swept like a deluge" because Egypt, under Urduman, son of Tirhakah, had revolted from Assyria (Nahum 3:8, 10). 609.. Josiah of Judah, in the name of his suzerain. "The king of Assyria," opposed the march of Pharaoh. He was slain in battle (2 Kings 23:29). 606 (?)..Fall of Nineveh, Esarhad-don II. (Sarakos) being the last king. "The bloody city" became a heap of ruins. "The Assyrian empire vanished from the earth, and its very existence soon became little more than a name. The Oriental ground over which it had tyrannized became the fighting ground of three rival powers the Babylonians, the Egyptians, and the so called Medes" (Sayce). 4. Between the Testaments. From the death of Nehemiah to the fall of the Medo-Persian empire before the Macedonian little is known of the Jews. The high priests were practically the rulers of the people. They were assisted by a council of one hundred and twenty members, called the great synagogue. The royal house of David sank into oblivion, prophecy was suspended, and the Jews gradually became more and more exclusive and austere, both religiously and socially. ( 1 ) The Hellenistic Domination. B.C. Alexander the Great defeated Darius (Codo-mannus) and founded the Macedonian empire-the Greek empire in Asia 331-167 Death of Alexander the Great at Babylon 323 Alexander's four generals (the diadochi) divide his empire between them. Palestine becomes a part of Syra 323 Judea is annexed to Egypt when the Graeco-Egyptian kingdom is founded, and the Jews came under the dominion of the Ptolemies. The Jews are scattered over the heathen world 301-221 The Old Testament began to be translated into Greek by learned Jews in Alexandria for the use of the African Jews. The translation was probably completed during the next century. It is called the Septuagint (q.v.) Version 291 Antiochus III., the Great, overruns Palestine 219 Ptolemy IV. of Egypt recovers Palestine 217 The Jews submit to Antiochus the Great Antiochus the Great defeats the Etgyptians, and Palestine becomes a part of the Graeco-Syrian kingdom 197 Antichus IV. (Epiphanies) usurps the Graeco-Syrian throne 175 Antiochus cruelly persecutes the Jews, ordering all his subjects on pain of death to adopt the Graeco-Syrian religion and customs 170-167 ( 2 .) The Period of the Maccabees and the Ashmonaean Kings. B.C. A band of Patriotic Jews, headed by Matthias the Ashmonaean, rebel against the tyranny of Antiochus 166 Antiochus dies at Tabae in Persia, being stricken with a loathsome disease (comp. Acts 12:23), which he recognizes as a judgment sent upon him for his treatment of the Jews 164 After a period of varying success, the Maccabean commonwealth, introducing the era of Jewish independence, is established 143 The Ashmonaean kings rule over Judea Pompey annexes Syria to Rome, and Judea becomes from this time a Roman dependency 63 Julius Caesar appoints Anipater, son of Antipas, an Idumaean chief, first procurator of Judea, Samaria, and Galilee, and henceforward the Herodian family supplants the Ashmonaean 47 Antipater makes his son Herod joint (with his brother Phasael) tetrarch of Judea and Galilee . 20.5 41 ( 3 .) The Herodian Kindom. Herod the Great takes Jerusalem, and becomes the founder of the Herodian kingdom. End of the Ashmonaean line. ..37 Battle of Actium 31 Egypt becomes a Roman province, and is the chief seat of the Jewish Dispersion. ..30 Herod rebuilds Samaria, and attempts to introduce among the Jews Greek and Roman customs 27 Augustus emperor of Rome.. B.C. 27-a.d. 14 Herod founds the Graeco-Roman city and port of Caes-area 22 Erects a temple to Augustus at Paneas...20 Begins the rebuilding of the temple 18 B.C Building of Caesarea finished. It is dedicated to Augustus 10 Birth of John the Baptist 5 Birth of our Lord, as now generally received. Death of Herod the Great at Jerico. Archelaus becomes king in his stead 4 5 . The New Testament History. Palestine. B.C. Rome. Cyrenius (Quirinus) perfect Nativity of Christ. See above Antipater 4 (legatus) of Syria-the first time murdered by his father. 2 (Luke 2:2). Nativity of Christ, according to Tertullian A.D. and Eusebius. 1 Judea becomes a Roman Province, and is annexed to the province of Syria. 6 Jesus at the age of twelve visits the temple. 8 Cyrenius again legatus of Syria. Completes the "taxing" (Acts 5:37). 14 Tiberius succeeds Augustus. Caiaphas made high priest. 17 Pontius Pilate fifth procurator. 26 Palestine B.C. Rome John the Baptist imprisoned and beheaded by Herod Antipas. 30 Crucifixion of our Lord. The Pentecostal effusion. 33 Martydom of Stephen. Conversion of Asaul of Tarsus. 36 Herod Agrippa I, succeeded his uncle Herod Philip II, in the tetrarchy of Trachonitis and Ituraea. 37 Death of Tiberius. Accession of Caligula. Saul's first visit to lerusalem (Galatians 40 1:18). Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee and Peraea, deposed and banished. Was succeeded by Herod Agrippa. Herod Agrippa I. gained ludea and Samaria; conversion of Cornelius. 41 Death of Caligula. Accession of Claudius. Palestine. B.C. Rome. Paul's first mis-sionary journey (about 3 years) — Acts 13-14. "Saul, who is also called Paul" (Acts 13:9). 47 Council at Jerusa-lem (Acts 15:1-35). The epistle of the council to the Gentile Christians in Syria and Cilicia is probably the oldest written document of the Christian Church 50 Felix procurator. Paul's second missionary journey (more than 3 years) — Acts 15:36- 18:23. 51 Wrote from Cor-inth the epistles to the Tliessalon-ians (1 Thessa-lonians 1:7, 8; Acts 18:5. 52 Decree of Claud-isu banishing the Jews from Rome. 54-68 Nero emperor, successor of Claudius. Paul's third mis-sionary journey (about 4 years) — Acts 18:23-21; 14. 54 During his stay at Ephesus (Acts 19) wrote epistle to the Galatians (Acts 20:2; Galatians 6:11), and probably First Corinthians 1 Corinthians 1:23; 7:5). 57 or 58 Palestine B.C. Rome. Wrote from Macedonia Second Corinthians (2 Corinthians 1:23; 7:5. 57 Wrote from Corinth epistle to Romans at close of his stay there (Acts 20:3; 1 Corinthians 16:6) 58 Paul visits Jerusalem. Is brought before Felix, and imprisoned for two years at Caesarea (Acts 21 : 17-26. 58 Paul before the procurator Porcius Festus. Is sent a prisoner to Rome 60 Arrives at Rome in spring of 61 Paul writes from Rome his epistles to the 61-63 Ephesians, Colossians, Philemon, and the Philippians and probably Hebrews. Paul probably released. 63 Paul's movements after his release are 64 Great fire at Rome. First general uncertain. Some think that at Corinth he persecu-tion of the Christ-ians. wrote the first Epistle to Timothy and the Epistle to Titus. Palestine. B.C. Rome. Arrested at Ephesus, and sent prisoner to 65 Rome. Wrote Second Epistle to Timothy from 66 Rome. Was Martyred (?) Others think that Paul wrote First Epistle 67 to Timothy from Macedonia, and the Epistle to Titus from Ephesus, and that he spent the winter of this year at Nicopolis, where he was taken prisoner and sent to Rome, whence he wrote the second Epistle to Timothy. Suffered martyrdom (?), 68 Nero killed by his secretary, Epaphroditus, "In the thirtieth year of his age and in the fourteenth of his reign." 69 Vespasian emperor. Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus, the 70 Roman general. John probably writes his Gospel and 80-90 Epistles. 91 Titus emperor. Palestine. B.C. Rome. John writes the book of Revelation. 95 96 Second general persecution of Christians. 97 Nerva emperor. Death of John 98 Traj an emperor. II. —MIRACLES RECORDED IN THE OLD TESTAMENT 1. The flood Genesis 7, 8. 2. Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah 19:24. 3. Lot's wife turned into a "pillar of salt" 19:26. 4. Birth of Isaac at Gerar 21:1. 5. The burning bush not consumed Exodus 3:3. 6. Aaron's rod changed into a serpent 7:10-12. 7. The ten plagues of Egypt — .(1) waters become blood, (2) frogs, (3) lice, (4) flies, (5) murrain, (6) boils, (7) thunder and hail, (8) ocusts, (9) darkness, (10) death of the first-born 7:20-12:30. 8. the Red Sea divided; Israel passes through 14:21-31 9. the waters of Marah sweetened Exodus 15:23-25 10. Manna sent daily, except on Sabbath 16:14-35 11. Water from the rock at Rephidiml7:5-7 12. Nadab and Abihu consumed for offering "strange fire" Leviticus 10:1,2. 13. Some of the people consumed by fire at Taberah Numbers 11:1-3 14. The earth opens and swallows up Korah and his company fire and plague follow at Kadesh 16:32 15. Aaron's rod budding at Kadesh 17:8 16. Water from the rock smitten twice by Moses, Desert of Zin 20:7-11. 17. The brazen serpent in the Desert of Zin Numbers 21:8, 9. 18. Balaam's ass speaks 22:21-35 19. The Jordan divided, so that Israel passed over dryshod Joshua 3:14-17 20. The walls of Jericho fall down. ...6:6-20 21. The sun and moon stayed. Hailstorm 10:12-14 22. The strength of Samson....Judges 14-16 23. Water from a hollow place "that is in Lehi" 15:19. 24. Dagon falls twice before the ark. Emerods on the Philistines 1 Samuel 5:1-12. 25. Men of Beth-shemesh smitten for looking into the ark 6:19 26. Thunderstorm causes a panic among the Philistines at Eben-ezer 7:10-12. 27. Thunder and rain in harvest at Gilagal 12:18. 28. Sound in the mulberry trees at Rephaim 2 Samuel 5:23-25. 29. Uzzah smitten for touching the ark at Perez-uzzah. .6:6, 7 30. Jeroboam's hand withered. His new altar destroyed at Bethel ....1 kings 13:4-6. 3 1 . Widow of Zarephath's meal and oil increased 17:17-16. 32 Widow's son raised from the dead 17:17-24. 33. Drought, fire, and rain at Elijah's prayer, and Elijah fed by ravens 17, 18. 34. Ahaziah's captains consumed by fire near Samaria 2 Kings 1:10-12. 35. Jordan divided by Elijah and Elisha near Jerico 2:7, 8, 14. 36. Elijah carried up into heaven 2:11. 37. Waters of Jericho healed by Elisha's casting salt into them 2 Kings 2:21, 22 38. Bears out of the wood destroy forty- two "young men" 2:24. 39. Water provided for Jehoshaphat and the allied army 3:16-20 40. The widow's oil multiplied 3:16-20. 41. The Shunam-mite's son given and raised form the dead at Shunem 4:32-27. 42. The deadly pottage cured with meal at Gilgal 4:38-41 44. Naaman cured of leprosy. Gehazi afflicted with it 5: 10-27. 45. The iron axe-had made to swim, river Jordan 6:5-7 46. Ben-hadad's plans discovered. Hazael's thoughts, etc 6:12 47. The Syrian army smitten with blindness at Dothan 6:18 48. The Syrian army cured of blindness at Samaria 6:20 49. Elisha's bones revive the dead 13:21 50. Sennacherib's army destroyed, Jerusalem 19:35 51. Shadow of sun goes back ten degrees on the sun-dial of Ahaz, Jerusalem 20:9-1 1 52. Uzziah struck with leprosy, Jerusalem 2 Chronicles 26:16-21 53. Shadrach. Meshach. and abed-nego delivered from the fiery furnace, Babylon Daniel 3:10-27 54. Daniel saved in the lions den 6:16-23. 55. Jonah in the whale's belly. Safely landed Jonah 2:1-10 43. An hundred men fed with twenty loaves a Gilgal 4:38-41 III. MIRACLES RECORDED IN THE GOSPELS 1 . Peculiar to Matthew. (1.) Cure of two blind men 9:27-3 17:24-27. (2.) Piece of money in the fish's mouth 2. Peculiar of Mark (1.) The deaf and dumb man 7:31-37 (2.) The blind man of Bethsaida 8:22-26 3. Peculiar of Luke (1.) Jesus passes unseen through the crowd 4:28-30 (2.) The miraculous draught of fishes 5:4-11 (3.) the raising of the widow's son at Nain 7:11-18 4. Peculiar ( 1 . ) Water made wine 2:1-11 I (2.) Cure of nobleman's son, Capernaum 4:46-541 (3.) Impotent man at Bethsaida cured 5:1-9. I (4.) The woman with the spirit of infirmity 13:11-17. (5.) The man with the dropsy 14:1-6. (6.) The ten lepers 17:11-19 (7.) The healing of Malchus 22:50,51. to John. (4.) Man bom blind cured 9:1-17 (5.) Lazarus raised from the dead ....1 1:38-44 (6.) Draught of fishes 21:1-14 5. Common to Matthew and Mark. (1.) Syrophoenician Woman's daughter cured Matthew 15:28. Mark 7:24 (2.) Four thousand feed 15:3 8:1. (3.) Fig-tree blasted 21:18. 11:12 6. Common to Matthew and Luke. (1.) Centurion's servant healed Matthew 8:5 Luke 7:1 (2.) Blind and dumb demoniac cured Matthew 8:5. Luke 7:1 (7.) Common to Mark and Luke Demoniac cured in synagogue at Capernaum Mark 1:23. Luke 4:33 8. Common to Matthew, Mark, and Luke. (1.) Peter's wife's mother cured Matthew 8:14. Mark 1:30. Luke 4:38 (2.) The tempest stilled 8:23. 4:37 8:22 (3.) Demoniacs of Gadara cured 8:38. 5:1. 8:26. (4.) Leper healed.. 8:2 1:40. 5:12 (5.) Jairus's daughter raised 9:23 5:23 8:41. (6.) Woman's issue of blood cured 9:20 5:25 8:43 (7.) Man sick of the palsy cured 9:2 2:3 5:18. (8.) Man's withered hand cured 12:0. 2:1. 6:6. (9.) A lunatic child cured 17:14 9:14. 9:37 (10.) Two blind men cured 20:29 10:46 18:35. 9. Common to Mathew, Mark, and John. Jesus walks on the sea Matthew 14:25 I Mark 6:48 I John 6:15. 10. Common to all the evangelists. Jesus feeds 5, 000 "in a desert place" Matthew 14:15 I Mark 6:30 I Luke 9:10 I John 6:1-14. In addition to the above miracles wrought by Christ there are four miraculous events connected with his life: — 1. The conception by the Holy ghost Luke 1:35. 3. The resurrection. ..John 21:1-14 2. The transfiguration. 17:1-8 Matthew 4. The ascension .Luke 2:42-51 IV. — PARABLES RECORDED IN THE OLD TESTAMENT. Spoken by Concerning Spoken at Recorded Balaam The Moabites and Israelites Mount Pisgah ..Numbers 23:24 Jotham Trees making a king Mount Gerizim ...Judges 9:7- 15 Samsom Sweetness coming forth from the strong. Timnath ....Judges 14:14 Nathan The poor man's ewe lamb Jerusalem ...2 Samuel 12:1-4 Woman ofTekoah Jerusalem ...2 Samuel Two brothers striving 14:1. One of the sons of the prophets The escaped prisoner Near Samaria ...,1 Kings 20:35-49 Johoash, king of Israel The thistle and the cedar Jerusalem 2 Kings 14:9 Israel The vineyard yielding wild grapes Jerusalem ....Isaiah 5:1-6 Ezekiel Lion's whelps.... Babylon ....Ezekiel 19:2- 9 The great eagles and the vine Babylon ....17:3-10 The boiling pot Babylon ....24:3-5 V. — PARABLES RECORDED IN THE GOSPELS 1. Peculiar to Matthew (1.) The tares 13:24-30 (2.) The hid treasure 13:44. (3.) The pearl of great price... 3:45, 46. (4.) The drag net... 13:47-50. (5.) The unmerciful servant 18:23-35. (6.) The laborers in the vineyard 20:1-16. (7.) The two sons. 21:28-32. (8.) Marriage of the king's son 22:1-14. (9.) The ten virgins 25:1-13. (10.) The talents... 25:14-30. (11.) Sheep and goats 25:31-46 2. Peculiar to Mark (1.) the seed growing secretly 4.20-29. (2) Watchfulness 13:34,35 3. Peculiar to Luke. (1.) The two debtors 7:41-43. (2.) The good Samaritan 10:25-37. (3.) The importunate friend at mid-night 11:5-8. (4.) The rich fool 12:16-21. (5.) The servants watching 12:35-40. (6.) The steward 12:42-48. (7.) Barren fig tree 13:6-9. (8.) The great supper 14: 16-24. (9.) Building a tower, and a king going to war 14:28-33. (10.) The lost piece of silverl 5:8-10. (11.) The prodigal son 15:11-32. (12.) The unjust steward 16:1-13 (13.) The rich man and Lazarus... .16:19-31 (14.) The master and servant 17:7-10. (15.) The unjust judge and the importunate widow 18:1-8. (16.) The Pharisee and publican. 18: 10-14. (17.) The pounds 19:12-27. 4. There are no parables. as a special form of allegory found in John. The word rendered "parable" in John 10:6 is not the word so rendered in the Synoptics. The word which John uses ( paroimia ) is better translated "allegory." It occurs elsewhere only in John 16:25, 29 and 2 Peter 2:22, where it is rendered "proverb." 5. Common to Matthew and Luke. (1.) The house on the rock and on the sand. Matthew 7:24-27 (2.) Leaven 13:33,34; (3.) The lost sheep 18:12-14; 6. Common to Matthew, Mark, and Luke. (1.) Candle under a bushel Matthew 15:15; Mark 4:21.; Luke 8:16. (2.) New cloth and an old garment 9:16..; 2:21., 5:36. (3.) New wine in old bottles 9:17., 2:22., 5:37, 38. (4.) The sower 13:1-23., 4:1-9., 8:4-15 (5.) The mustard seed 13:31, 32., 4:30, 34.. 13:18-20 (6.) The vineyard 21:33-46., 112:1-12,. 20:9-19. (7.) The fig tree 24:32-35., 13:28., 21:29-33. Luke 6:46-49. 13:18-21 15:1-10 VI. — WEIGHTS, MEASURES, AND MONEY 1 . Hebrews Measures of Weight.. Equivalents in Troy Weight. lb. oz. dwt. grs. Gerah 0 0 0 12 Bekah =10 gerahs 0 0 5 0 Shekel = 2 bekahs 0 0 10 0 Maneh (silver = 60 shekels 2 6 0 0 Talent 125 0 0 0 2 . Measures of Length English Equivalents ft. in. Digit (Jeremiah) 0 0.912 Palm = 4 digits (Exodus 25:25) 0 3.648 Span =3 palms (Exodus 28:16) 0 10.944 Cubit = 2 spans (Genesis 6: 15) 1 9.888 Pace (2 Samuel 6:13) 3 0 Fathom (Acts 27:28) 6 0.8 Reed (Ezekiel 40:3-5; 42:16) = 6 cubits Furlong or stadium = 600 Greek feet (58 1/4) feet less than an 10 11.328 English furlong) Mile (Roman) = 1,000 roman paces = 1,618 English yards. 606 9 Day's Journey (Numbers 11:31; Luke 2:44), ordinarily about 25 to 30 miles, but when the Jews traveled in company, about 10 miles. 3 . Measures of Capacity for Liquids. Equivalents in English W ine Measure. galls pints A caph 0 0.625 A log (Leviticus 14:10, etc 0 0.833 A cab (mentioned only 2 Kings 6:25) 0 3.33 A hin (Exodus 29:40; 30:24; Numbers 15:4, 7, 9) 1 2 A seah ("measure," 2 Kings 6:1, 16), called also (Heb.) shalish — i. e. "a third," as being the third part of an ephah (Isaiah 40:12; Psalm 80:5)... 2 4 A bath, the largest liquid measure (1 King 7:26, 38; 2 Chronicles 2:10; Ezra 7:22; Isaiah 5:10). Same as an ephah (Exodus 16:36; Leviticus 5:11; 6:10; Numbers 5:14, etc) 7 4.5 A kor, "Which is an homer: (Isaiah 5:10; Ezekiel 45:14) = 10 ephahs 75 5 Firkin (John 2:6) 9 0 4. Dry Measures Equivalent in English Corn Measure. pecks galls, pints. Cab (2 Kings 6:25 = Choenix, "measure"; Revelation 6:6 Omer (Exodus 16:36) = tenth deal = 1/10 of an ephah (Exodus 29:40; Leviticus 23:13) Seah (plural, "measures," Genesis 18:6; 1 Samuel 25:18; Matthew 13:33) Ephah = 3 seahs (Ezekiel 45:1 1) Letek = 5 ephas (half-homer." Hosea 3:2) Homer, called also kor = 2 leteks (Numbers 1 1:32; Hosea 3:2) 0 0 2.833 0 0 5.1 1 0 1 3 0 3 16 0 0 32 0 0 5, Jewish Money. English Equivalents Gerah = 1/20 part of a Shekel (Exodus 30:13) Beech = 1/2 shekel (Exodus 38:26) Shekel (silver at 5s. per oz. Exodus 30:13; Isaiah 7:23; Matthew 17:27) Shekel of gold Mane ("pound," 1 Kings 10:17) = 50 shekels Talent of silver = 60 mannish Talent of gold 6 . Roman Money. £ S. d. 0 0 1.3687 0 1 1.6875 0 2 3.375 1 16 6 5 14 0.75 342 3 9 5475 0 0 English Equivalents. Mite ( lepton ) — Mark 12:42 — the smallest copper coin = about .46875 of an English farthing. Farthing (quadroons', Gr. quadrants) — Matthew 5:26; Mark 12:42 = 2 mites = the fourth of an as. Penny (deaneries = drachma) — Matthew 22:19 Pound (myna) Luke 19:13, 16, 18, etc., = 100 drachmae £. 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